1. Introduction

Overview of Urban Planning and Its Importance to Public Health

Urban planning is a multifaceted discipline focused on shaping the development of urban areas to enhance the quality of life for residents. It encompasses a range of activities, including zoning regulations, land use planning, transportation networks, and community facilities. At the core of urban planning is the recognition that the built environment significantly influences public health outcomes. An effectively planned urban space can promote physical activity, improve air quality, enhance social interactions, and support mental well-being. Conversely, poorly designed urban environments can lead to increased health risks, such as obesity, chronic diseases, and mental health disorders, particularly among vulnerable populations.

As cities continue to grow and evolve, the importance of integrating public health considerations into urban planning becomes increasingly clear. Factors such as access to quality housing, green spaces, and efficient transportation systems all directly correlate with health outcomes. Urban planners are therefore tasked with not only considering economic growth and development but also ensuring the health and wellness of communities they serve.

Purpose of the Blog Post: Exploring Interconnections Between Urban Planning, Design, and Health Outcomes

This blog post aims to delve into the critical interconnections between urban planning, design, and public health outcomes. By exploring how different land use patterns, urban design principles, and the presence of green spaces impact community health, we will highlight the essential role of urban planners and designers in fostering environments that promote not just physical, but also mental and social well-being.

Moreover, we will examine how contextually relevant elements—such as socioeconomic disparities, access to resources, and community engagement—intersect with urban planning processes. Understanding these nuances will enable readers to appreciate the complexity of urban health and the urgency for a holistic approach that integrates health considerations into every stage of urban development.

This exploration will also provide insights into current trends, best practices, and innovative strategies that prioritize public health in urban environments. With an emphasis on evidence-based research and case studies, we aim to offer a comprehensive view of how thoughtful land use planning and urban design can lead to healthier cities and communities. By the end of the post, we hope to inspire readers—whether policymakers, urban planners, or engaged citizens—to advocate for health-centered urban policies and practices that foster equity and empower all community members.

In summary, this blog post will serve as a crucial resource for understanding the intricate relationships between urban planning, design, and public health outcomes, emphasizing the need for an interdisciplinary approach to urban development that places public health at its forefront.

Blog Post: Understanding the Connections Between Urban Planning, Design, and Public Health Outcomes

2. Land Use Planning and Health Outcomes

Definition of Land Use Planning

Land use planning is the systematic assessment and arrangement of how land within a specified area is developed and utilized. It seeks to allocate land resources efficiently and equitably to promote sustainable development while meeting the needs of the community. This planning considers residential, commercial, industrial, and recreational needs while maintaining a balance with the environment. It plays a critical role in shaping the built environment, including buildings, infrastructure, and transportation systems, which all significantly affect public health outcomes. Health is increasingly recognized as a crucial element in land use planning, where the design and spatial arrangement of communities can either enhance or inhibit the well-being of residents, influencing social determinants of health such as access to services, transportation options, and green spaces.

Assessing the Correlation Between Land Use Patterns and Disease Prevalence

Research indicates a strong link between land use patterns and public health outcomes, with different land uses presenting various health implications. For instance, areas dominated by urban sprawl may lead to increased sedentary behavior, which is associated with higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, mixed-use developments that promote walkability have been associated with physical activity, reduced stress levels, and improved mental health outcomes. Additionally, proximity to parks and recreational areas can decrease the prevalence of respiratory illnesses by promoting outdoor activity and providing better air quality. Public health practitioners employ Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis to evaluate these correlations, allowing for data-driven policy decisions aimed at reducing disease prevalence through strategic land use planning.

Comparative Analysis of Urban vs. Rural Land Use and Health Indicators

Urban and rural settings demonstrate stark differences in land use configurations, which translate into varied health indicators. Urban areas often face challenges such as higher population density, limited access to nature, and environmental pollution, leading to increased rates of anxiety and depression. However, urban settings can provide more accessibility to health services, public transportation, and mixed-use environments that facilitate active lifestyles. In contrast, rural areas generally have more significant access to open spaces and less pollution, yet they frequently struggle with limited healthcare access, transportation challenges, and lower socioeconomic status. Understanding these dynamics is essential for tailored interventions aimed at improving health metrics. Research and policy efforts must focus on equitable health outcomes across different land uses to address these disparities effectively.

Housing Equity and Its Impact on Health

Housing conditions are directly tied to public health, significantly impacting residents’ health outcomes. Communities that lack affordable housing options often experience overcrowding and substandard living conditions, which correlate with higher rates of communicable diseases and mental health issues. Additionally, housing inequity can limit access to essential resources such as healthy foods and healthcare facilities. Policies aimed at improving housing equity—such as affordable housing development, tenant protections, and revitalization of underserved neighborhoods—are crucial in enhancing health outcomes. Ensuring that all community members have access to safe, affordable, and quality housing can lead to considerable improvements in overall public health.

The Role of Transportation in Promoting Healthy Communities

Transportation systems are a vital component of land use planning that directly influence public health. Efficient transportation networks facilitate access to healthcare, education, employment, and healthy food options, all contributing to better health outcomes. Public transit options, such as buses and trains, can promote physical activity through walking to and from stops. Conversely, car-dependent environments discourage active commuting, leading to sedentary lifestyles. Investments in transportation infrastructure that prioritize walkability, bike lanes, and public transit can encourage physical activity, lower vehicle emissions, and enhance air quality, ultimately promoting healthier communities.

Effects of Zoning Policies on Health Access

Zoning policies dictate how land can be used and often shape the built environment’s accessibility and functionality. The implications of these policies for public health are profound; for instance, restrictive zoning can inhibit the development of mixed-use areas, limit access to healthy food sources, and perpetuate inequalities in resource allocation. Health-centric zoning reforms, on the other hand, can encourage developments that promote public health through integration of health services, recreational amenities, and mixed housing options. The implementation of such policies should prioritize health equity and community needs to foster a healthier population.

Importance of Community Engagement in Land Use Planning for Improved Health Outcomes

Effective land use planning requires active community engagement to ensure that the voices of residents are heard and their needs are met. Engaging community members in the planning process helps identify local health challenges, priorities, and solutions that resonate with their unique contexts. Participatory planning approaches improve trust, foster collaboration, and empower communities to advocate for their health needs. By incorporating feedback from residents, planners can design spaces that not only address health disparities but also enhance social cohesion, cultivate well-being, and promote overall community resilience.

Significance of Green Spaces for Well-Being

Green spaces—parks, community gardens, and natural reserves—are essential for promoting public health and well-being. Access to these areas provides opportunities for physical activity, social interaction, and mental restoration. Numerous studies have shown that green spaces correlate with lower stress levels, decreased mental health issues, and improved physical health. Importantly, the quality and accessibility of green spaces impact their effectiveness; ensuring that all community members can reach these areas regardless of socioeconomic status is crucial for maximizing health benefits. Land use planning that integrates green spaces thoughtfully can significantly improve the health outcomes of urban populations by providing necessary respite from the urban environment.

Through exploring these critical elements, it becomes evident that strategic land use planning can serve as a powerful tool to foster public health, addressing the complexities of how our environments shape our health outcomes. Implementing equitable and health-conscious land use policies and practices not only enhances community well-being but also lays the groundwork for resilient urban ecosystems.

Urban Design and Community Wellbeing

Understanding Urban Design and Its Impacts

Urban design serves as the foundation for shaping how communities interact with their surroundings. It goes beyond mere aesthetics, encompassing considerations on functionality, accessibility, and environmental sustainability. The design of streets, public spaces, and buildings influences social behaviors, mobility, and overall public health. For example, well-designed public spaces can promote community engagement, enhance social cohesion, and decrease feelings of isolation. At the same time, poorly designed environments, characterized by lack of access to public transportation or green spaces, can lead to increased stress levels and contribute to health disparities.

Key Components Influencing Community Health

Several key components of urban design directly influence community health, including walkability, accessibility, and safety. Walkable neighborhoods encourage physical activity, as residents are more likely to engage in walking or biking when infrastructure supports these modes of transportation. Businesses and services located within proximity of residential areas enhance access to healthcare, nutrition, and recreational facilities. Safety, both perceived and real, plays a significant role in the utilization of public spaces; well-lit, inviting, and maintained areas naturally draw people in, promoting community interaction and physical activity.

The Influence of Walkable Neighborhoods on Physical Activity Levels

Walkable neighborhoods have shown a strong correlation with increased levels of physical activity. Research indicates that individuals living in areas with accessible sidewalks, bike paths, and nearby amenities are more likely to engage in regular exercise. This physical activity reduction in sedentary behavior has demonstrated health benefits, such as lower obesity rates and improved mental health, contributing to overall wellness. Urban design strategies that prioritize pedestrian-friendly pathways, transit-oriented developments, and reduced vehicle dependency are crucial for fostering environments that promote active lifestyles.

Cultural and Social Considerations in Urban Design for Well-Being

Cultural and social contexts significantly impact how urban spaces are designed and utilized. Urban design must reflect the community it serves—with sensitivity to cultural values, social norms, and historical contexts. Spaces that respect cultural identity and enhance social connections can lead to improved mental health outcomes as residents feel a sense of belonging and ownership over their environment. Furthermore, inclusive community engagement in the design process can lead to spaces that genuinely meet the needs of diverse populations, ensuring cultural relevance and appropriateness.

Case Studies of Successful Community Spaces and Their Health Benefits

Numerous case studies reveal the successful application of urban design principles that promote community health. For instance, New York City’s High Line, an elevated linear park built on a repurposed railway track, demonstrates the potential of transforming underutilized spaces into community assets. This unique public space has enhanced physical activity, social interaction, and local economic growth. Another example is the redevelopment of the London Borough of Waltham Forest, which incorporated community inputs to improve walkability and green space access, resulting in measurable improvements in residents’ health outcomes, including increased physical activity and lower obesity rates.

Trends in Innovative Urban Spaces and Community-Centric Designs

Emerging trends in urban design reflect a shift towards innovation and community-centric models. These include the rise of “smart cities” that integrate technology in enhancing urban living, as well as biophilic design principles that incorporate natural elements into urban settings. Initiatives such as complete streets aim to accommodate all users, including pedestrians, cyclists, and transit riders, aligning urban infrastructure with holistic health considerations. The innovative adaptive reuse of buildings and spaces, along with policies promoting mixed-use developments, enhances community engagement and accessibility, ultimately benefiting public health.

Implications of Urban Design for Public Health

The implications of urban design reach far beyond aesthetics and functionality; they play a decisive role in public health outcomes. Thoughtful design can mitigate health disparities, foster social equity, and address chronic diseases linked to lifestyle choices. Integrating public health considerations into the urban design process can promote environments that encourage active living, improve mental well-being, and reduce healthcare costs over time. Policymakers and urban planners must recognize the symbiotic relationship between urban design and public health to prioritize health-centric developments that serve the entire community effectively.

Through this understanding of urban design and its impacts, stakeholders can work collaboratively to create environments that enhance community well-being, promote healthier lifestyles, and improve public health outcomes. The dynamic interplay of land use planning, urban design, and public health underscores the necessity for an integrated approach in developing vibrant, thriving urban areas.

Green Spaces and Public Health

Definition and Benefits of Green Spaces

Green spaces refer to undeveloped land that is covered with grass, trees, shrubs, or other vegetation. These areas include parks, gardens, forest trails, greenways, and natural reserves. They are crucial components of urban environments, providing not just ecological benefits but also essential avenues for promoting public health. The presence of green spaces has been positively correlated with numerous health benefits, including improved air quality, the mitigation of urban heat, and a general enhancement of quality of life. Urban green spaces serve as sanctuaries from the frenetic pace of city life, offering spaces for physical activity, relaxation, and community engagement.

Physical, Mental, and Social Health Benefits of Green Areas

Numerous studies have shown that green spaces are associated with a variety of health benefits. Physical health improvements include increased opportunities for exercise and activities such as walking, jogging, and recreational sports, which are vital for reducing obesity rates and preventing chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease. Mentally, green spaces have been found to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Access to natural environments fosters a connection with nature, enhancing psychological well-being and promoting restorative experiences.

Social benefits are equally important, as these areas serve as gathering spaces that foster community interactions, social cohesion, and civic engagement. The visual and physical presence of green spaces promotes a sense of safety and belonging among residents while encouraging community-building activities and events.

The Role of Biodiversity in Enhancing Health Benefits of Green Spaces

Biodiversity within green spaces, such as a diverse range of trees, plants, and wildlife, enriches the ecological value of an area and has direct implications for human health. Larger biodiversity tends to enhance resilience against environmental stressors and supports ecosystem services that have health impacts, such as improved air and water quality. Encounters with diverse flora and fauna can also stimulate sensory experiences and educational engagement, further benefiting mental health and well-being.

Research has shown that green areas rich in biodiversity tend to attract more visitors, creating spaces where individuals can experience the restorative effects of nature. Moreover, preserving biodiversity contributes to protecting the genetic diversity of species that may have health applications — including potential medicines derived from plants and other organisms.

Access Disparities: Who Benefits from Urban Green Areas?

Despite the known benefits of green spaces, access remains unequal across urban landscapes. Socioeconomic status, race, and geographic location significantly influence who has access to quality green areas. Lower-income communities and communities of color often have less access to parks and green spaces, which catalyzes health disparities and limits opportunities for physical activity and social interactions.

Advocating for equitable access to green spaces is essential for community health and welfare. Ensuring that all communities have access to sufficient quality, safe, and well-maintained green areas can help mitigate the adverse health impacts of urbanization and promote inclusive opportunities for physical, mental, and social well-being.

Urban Heat Island Effect and the Importance of Vegetated Areas for Health

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect describes how urban areas experience significantly warmer temperatures compared to their rural surroundings, primarily due to human activities and the prevalence of heat-absorbing materials. This effect can exacerbate heat-related illnesses, particularly during summer. Vegetated areas play a critical role in combating the UHI effect by providing shade, cooling through evapotranspiration, and improving overall air quality.

Research has demonstrated that increased tree canopy cover can lower urban temperatures considerably, resulting in fewer heat-related hospitalizations and deaths. Thus, promoting the preservation and expansion of green spaces is vital for urban climates and overall public health.

Trends in Urban Green Space Accessibility and Quality

In recent years, cities have begun to recognize the critical importance of green spaces in urban planning. There is a growing trend toward increasing the accessibility and quality of these areas through initiatives like urban reforestation, greenways, and community gardens. Furthermore, innovative urban design concepts such as “15-minute cities,” which aim to create neighborhoods where services and green areas are within a 15-minute walk or bike ride, are gaining traction globally.

However, despite these advancements, continuous monitoring and commitment to improving both the quality and equitable access to green spaces must accompany these trends to ensure that all population segments benefit.

Implications for Urban Planning and Public Health Policies

Integrating green spaces into urban planning and public health policies is imperative for fostering healthier communities. Policymakers must advocate for zoning laws that prioritize the creation and maintenance of green spaces, especially in underserved areas. Furthermore, health impact assessments should include green space accessibility as a key indicator when developing urban policies. Public engagement and community involvement remain crucial to ensure that the needs of the community are met, thereby advancing health equity.

Creating networks of green spaces can also enhance both physical and mental health outcomes by promoting active lifestyles and providing environments for social interaction. Ultimately, the successful integration of green spaces into urban planning frameworks will yield substantial long-term benefits for public health and community well-being.

Integration of Health in Urban Planning

Strategies for Designing Healthier Communities

Designing healthier communities begins with a commitment to creating environments that foster physical activity, mental well-being, and social interaction. Key strategies include:

• Mixed-Use Development: Facilitating neighborhoods where residential, commercial, and recreational spaces are integrated can reduce reliance on vehicles and promote walking and cycling.
• Enhancing Walkability: Designing infrastructure such as wider sidewalks, pedestrian zones, and bicycle lanes encourages active transport, lowers obesity rates, and improves cardiovascular health.
• Incorporating Nature: Creating accessible green spaces and parks not only offers recreational opportunities but also contributes to improved mental health by providing respite from urban stressors.

Policy Frameworks for Health-Oriented Urban Development

Policies play a vital role in structuring urban environments to prioritize health. Effective frameworks include:

• Comprehensive Health Assessments: Mandating health impact assessments (HIAs) for new projects to evaluate potential impacts on community health and well-being.
• Zoning Regulations: Reforming zoning laws to support the development of mixed-use neighborhoods and greener urban spaces.
• Sustainable Housing Policies: Ensuring housing development includes affordable, high-quality options that are located near essential services, promoting equitable access to health resources.

Evaluating the Impact of Health Assessments in Urban Planning Processes

Health assessments are crucial to understanding and mitigating the effects of urban planning decisions on health. This includes:

• Baseline Health Data Collection: Gathering comprehensive data to establish health baselines before new developments, allowing for accurate evaluations of impacts post-implementation.
• Community Engagement: Activating local populations in assessment processes to incorporate lived experiences and priorities into urban planning initiatives.
• Continuous Monitoring: Establishing mechanisms for ongoing evaluation to assess long-term health outcomes and adapt strategies based on findings.

Cross-Sector Collaboration for Enhancing Health in Urban Environments

To achieve integrated health in urban planning, collaboration across various sectors is essential:

• Interdisciplinary Partnerships: Engaging urban planners, public health officials, environmental scientists, and community members ensures diverse perspectives are integrated into planning processes.
• Public-Private Partnerships: Leveraging resources and expertise from both sectors can lead to innovative solutions that address urban health challenges effectively.
• Community-Based Initiatives: Collaborating with local organizations to design programs that promote wellness, such as urban gardening or fitness initiatives tailored for diverse community needs.

The Interrelationship Between Urban Design, Land Use, and Public Health

Understanding the connections between urban design, land use, and public health is fundamental for effective planning:

• Built Environment and Health Outcomes: How neighborhoods are laid out affects physical activity levels, access to healthy foods, and social interaction, all of which influence health outcomes.
• Transportation Networks: Efficient public transportation systems connect individuals to health services, workplaces, and recreational areas, impacting overall community health dynamics.
• Residential Patterns: Critical analysis of zoning laws and land use plans highlights inequalities in access to healthcare facilities and amenities, informing equitable solutions.

The Role of Technological Solutions in Urban Health Planning

Emerging technologies can enhance urban planning efforts focused on health:

• Data Analytics and GIS: Utilizing data-driven insights via Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can identify health trends and inform evidence-based decision-making.
• Smart City Solutions: Technologies such as air quality monitoring and traffic management systems can help design urban areas that mitigate health risks.

• Community Engagement Apps: Digital platforms can facilitate greater community participation in the planning process, allowing residents to share feedback and advocate for health-related improvements.

• Conclusion
  The integration of health into urban planning is imperative for cultivating environments that support the overall well-being of communities. By utilizing strategic design, implementing targeted policies, fostering collaboration, and leveraging technology, cities can transform into healthier, more equitable places for all residents. A proactive approach that emphasizes these interconnected aspects can significantly impact public health outcomes and enhance the quality of urban life.

6. Environmental Health and Justice

Exploring the Concepts of Environmental Justice in Land Use

Environmental justice emphasizes the fair treatment and inclusion of all people in environmental policies and practices, especially marginalized communities disproportionately impacted by environmental hazards. In the context of land use, applying these concepts entails examining how land use planning decisions affect various populations, particularly low-income and minority communities. Discriminatory practices, such as redlining and exclusionary zoning, have historically limited access to vital resources—like clean air, safe housing, and green spaces—contributing to health disparities. An equitable approach to land use must prioritize community involvement, ensuring that historically marginalized voices inform the planning process.

Analyzing Pollution Exposure in Low-Income Neighborhoods

Low-income neighborhoods often bear a disproportionate burden of pollution due to factors like proximity to industrial zones, highways, and waste disposal sites. This section will delve into the correlation between land use decisions and environmental contaminants, demonstrating how these sites increase the risk of respiratory diseases, cancer, and other health-related issues in vulnerable populations. A comprehensive analysis will also examine the systemic barriers these communities face in accessing health care, leading to untreated and chronic conditions. Addressing pollution exposure through strategic land use planning can mitigate these effects and promote healthier living environments.

Community-led Initiatives for Environmental Justice in Urban Areas

Grassroots movements play a crucial role in advocating for environmental justice, highlighting the importance of community-led initiatives in urban areas. This section will showcase various successful examples, such as community gardens, clean-up campaigns, and local advocacy groups that challenge detrimental land use practices and promote sustainable development. These initiatives often empower residents to reclaim their neighborhoods, pushing for policy changes that ensure access to clean air, water, and quality green spaces. By focusing on these case studies, we can illuminate effective strategies for fostering community resilience and involvement in environmental health issues.

Impacts of Urban Ecology on Community Health

Urban ecology encompasses the study of ecosystems in urban settings and their effects on community health. A community’s ecological health—defined by factors like green spaces, biodiversity, and ecosystem services—plays a critical role in supporting physical and mental well-being. This section will explore the various mechanisms through which urban ecology influences health outcomes, including the reduction of heat islands, enhanced air quality, and increased physical activity opportunities. Moreover, recognizing the interconnectedness of natural systems and community infrastructure presents opportunities for integrated urban planning that prioritizes health through ecological sensitivity.

Social Epidemiology and the Role of Land Use

Social epidemiology examines how social determinants and spatial factors influence health outcomes across different populations. This section will focus on how land use decisions affect health disparities related to income, education, and access to services. By analyzing demographic data and health indicators in relation to land use patterns, we can identify critical intersections between urban design, socioeconomic status, and public health. Understanding these relationships is central to developing targeted interventions that address the structural influences on health inequities and improve overall community health.

The Role of Advocacy and Policy Change in Environmental Health Equity

Advocacy is paramount for advancing environmental health equity, requiring concerted efforts to influence policy at local, state, and national levels. This section will discuss the key strategies used by advocacy groups to promote legislative change, including public awareness campaigns, coalition building, and representation in policy discussions. Furthermore, effective policy changes can enshrine environmental justice into land use laws, ensuring that all communities have equitable access to healthy environments. By focusing on successful advocacy efforts, we can outline a roadmap for ongoing initiatives aimed at eradicating health disparities and fostering justice in urban planning.

In summary, understanding the connection between environmental health and justice within the context of land use illuminates the urgent need for integrated planning approaches. By prioritizing equity in land use decisions, we can create healthier, more just urban environments for all residents, regardless of socioeconomic status.

7. Conclusion

Summary of Key Points

Throughout this exploration, we have uncovered the indispensable connection between urban planning, design, and public health. Effective land use planning plays a critical role in shaping the environments where people live, work, and play, directly influencing health outcomes. Key insights include the importance of zoning policies that promote equitable access to resources, the necessity of walkable neighborhoods that enhance physical activity, and the profound benefits that green spaces provide not just for physical well-being but also for mental health. We’ve examined how urban design can cultivate social interactions and community cohesion, fostering environments that support healthier lifestyles. Additionally, recognizing the intertwined nature of environmental justice and health outcomes highlights the urgent need to address disparities in access to safe and healthy living conditions.

Final Thoughts on the Importance of Integrating Health with Urban Planning and Design

The integration of health considerations into urban planning and design is not merely a beneficial addition; it is a requisite foundation for building resilient and thriving communities. As urban centers continue to grow, the demand for sustainable, health-oriented strategies becomes increasingly pronounced. Communities that prioritize health in their urban frameworks witness enhanced quality of life, reduced healthcare costs, and more robust social structures. It is imperative that planners, policymakers, and community stakeholders recognize the overarching impacts of their decisions on public health and work collaboratively to foster environments conducive to health equity. Ultimately, the design of our cities must prioritize the health and well-being of all residents, creating spaces that enable rather than inhibit healthy actions.

Call to Action for Readers to Advocate for Health-Oriented Urban Policies

As engaged citizens, it’s essential that you advocate for health-oriented urban policies in your communities. Here are some actionable steps you can take:

1. Stay Informed: Educate yourself about local land use proposals and urban design plans. Understanding the implications of these policies on public health empowers you to engage in meaningful discussions.

2. Participate in Community Planning: Get involved in local planning meetings, forums, and workshops. Advocacy begins with your voice—make it known that health should be a priority in urban planning initiatives.

3. Collaborate with Local Organizations: Partner with community groups focused on health, environmental justice, and urban design. Together, you can amplify your influence and push for policies that prioritize healthy urban environments.

4. Support Public Health Campaigns: Champion initiatives that advocate for the creation and maintenance of green spaces, walkable neighborhoods, and equitable access to resources. Mobilizing community support showcases the demand for health-oriented policies.

5. Communicate with Policy Makers: Reach out to local representatives to express your support for health-integrated urban planning. Advocate for policies that promote sustainable development, access to green spaces, and an overall enhancement of public health.

By taking these steps, you can contribute to the shift towards healthier urban environments that prioritize the well-being of all community members. Let us champion the integration of health in urban planning and work together to foster cities where everyone can thrive.